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扫除跨境电商退运阻碍******
扫除跨境电商退运阻碍
李鸣涛
跨境电商出口退运的税收优惠来了。近日，财政部、海关总署、税务总局联合发布《关于跨境电子商务出口退运商品税收政策的公告》，降低跨境电商企业出口商品退运成本，积极支持外贸新业态发展。
近年来，解决跨境电商出口商品退货的便利化问题，进一步降低跨境电商出口企业运营成本，备受关注。海关数据显示，2022年我国跨境电商进出口(含B2B)2.11万亿元，其中，出口1.55万亿元，进口0.56万亿元。如按电商企业平均10%的退换货率计算，去年一年我国跨境电商出口商品的退换货金额影响不可小视。当前，大量跨境电商零售出口退货商品，因退运国内物流成本高、进境要求严格且手续复杂等原因，滞留在海外仓库中，需要支付高额的仓储费用，最终大多数商品只能在海外低价促销或销毁，造成大量损失。尤其对很多小微跨境电商出口企业而言，退换货的处理成本蚕食了相当大比例的企业利润。
2022年9月，商务部发布的《支持外贸稳定发展若干政策措施》提出，加快出台便利跨境电商出口退换货的税收政策。而此次出台的政策，将为跨境电商出口企业挽回不少退运成本，减少企业后顾之忧，稳定外贸企业预期。为进一步优化跨境电商出口商品退货流程与规定，为企业提供更多便利，降低操作门槛与企业退货入境成本，下一步可建立起从采购、出境、仓储、销售到退换货处理的全过程完整闭环。
降低退换货条件。按照国家进出口关税条例，因品质或者规格原因，出口货物自出口之日起1年内原状复运进境的，不征收进口关税。这一规定主要是针对一般贸易货物出口，跨境电商零售出口商品发生退货的原因普遍多样，加之境外电商平台倾向于保护消费者利益，很多商品都是经过短暂使用后不满意而发生退货，产品的品质和规格可能并无问题。此次新政策在跨境电商出口商品退运原因上不再强调因品质或规格原因，“滞销、退货”的表述更符合跨境电商商品特点。
优化退货税收政策。对于出口货物和已汇总形成报关单的9610出口商品来说，如何证明商品未退税或退税已补税，是复运进境不征税的重要条件。按照目前规定，退货企业需要向税务部门申请开具相关证明，申请时需要向税务部门提供申报表、报关单、出口发票、税收通用缴款书原件及复印件等证明材料。对此，可考虑利用国际贸易单一窗口平台等，一站式提交相关申请，提升管理部门审核效率；同时针对退货商品的特点和属性，在补缴税款方面制定特别政策。
探索邮包自发货出口退货处理方式。当前我国跨境电商出口中，还有大量的小微卖家采用自发货模式通过邮政小包、商业快件等向境外消费者递送商品，出口报关是通过邮件通关，尚未纳入跨境电商通关报关体系内。这种方式下的退货商品，如退回国内也只能通过个人邮包，成本非常高昂。可考虑实施邮包跨境电商出口商品退货集货模式，在海外设立退货商品集货仓统一批量退运回国内，以降低退运成本，并在通关、税收方面探索相应管理措施。
中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。
因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。
日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎） [责编：天天中] 阅读剩余全文（）  视觉焦点
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